Étape 5 : API CRUD, matrice et validation branchée

- CRUD complet, scopé par édition, sur Position, Shift, Volunteer, Assignment
  (routers app/api/*, schémas Pydantic, dépendance get_edition partagée)
- Volunteer : gestion des compétences par codes (création à la volée),
  suppression = effacement complet en cascade (RGPD)
- Shift : contrôle fin > début, poste de la même édition, compétences requises
- Assignment : toute écriture active passe par le moteur de validation ;
  violation bloquante -> 422 error.validation_failed, avertissements renvoyés
  dans la réponse. Endpoint POST .../assignments/validate en simulation.
  app/validation/loader.py construit la ValidationInput depuis la base.
- GET /editions/{id}/matrix : postes -> créneaux -> {min, ideal, confirmed,
  proposed}, source de l'écran principal
- 30 tests d'API (CRUD, 404/409/422, cascade, blocage, avertissements, matrice,
  loader) ; 104 tests au total ; alembic check toujours vert
- Clés de traduction shift.* / assignment.* / volunteer.* ajoutées

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_017uUsRg7XzopkCPWimwg9ZM

backend/tests/factories.py

@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+"""Fabriques d'objets du domaine pour les tests (écriture directe en base)."""
+
+import datetime as dt
+
+from app.models import (
+    Availability,
+    AvailabilityStatus,
+    Position,
+    PositionCategory,
+    Shift,
+    Skill,
+    Volunteer,
+    VolunteerSkill,
+)
+
+
+def make_position(session, edition, *, name="Bar", category=PositionCategory.BAR):
+    position = Position(edition_id=edition.id, name=name, category=category)
+    session.add(position)
+    session.commit()
+    session.refresh(position)
+    return position
+
+
+def make_shift(
+    session, edition, position, *, start, end, min_staff=1, ideal_staff=2, skills=()
+):
+    shift = Shift(
+        edition_id=edition.id,
+        position_id=position.id,
+        starts_at=start,
+        ends_at=end,
+        min_staff=min_staff,
+        ideal_staff=ideal_staff,
+    )
+    session.add(shift)
+    session.flush()
+    for code in skills:
+        _link_skill(session, edition, code=code, shift=shift)
+    session.commit()
+    session.refresh(shift)
+    return shift
+
+
+def make_volunteer(
+    session, edition, *, first_name="Alex", last_name="Martin", email=None, skills=()
+):
+    volunteer = Volunteer(
+        edition_id=edition.id,
+        first_name=first_name,
+        last_name=last_name,
+        email=email,
+    )
+    session.add(volunteer)
+    session.flush()
+    for code in skills:
+        _link_skill(session, edition, volunteer=volunteer, code=code)
+    session.commit()
+    session.refresh(volunteer)
+    return volunteer
+
+
+def make_availability(session, edition, volunteer, day_part, *, date, status):
+    row = Availability(
+        edition_id=edition.id,
+        volunteer_id=volunteer.id,
+        day_part_id=day_part.id,
+        date=date,
+        status=status,
+    )
+    session.add(row)
+    session.commit()
+    return row
+
+
+def declare_available_all_day(session, edition, volunteer, day_parts, date):
+    for part in day_parts.values():
+        make_availability(
+            session,
+            edition,
+            volunteer,
+            part,
+            date=date,
+            status=AvailabilityStatus.AVAILABLE,
+        )
+
+
+def _get_or_create_skill(session, edition, code) -> Skill:
+    from sqlmodel import select
+
+    skill = session.exec(
+        select(Skill)
+        .where(Skill.edition_id == edition.id)
+        .where(Skill.code == code)
+    ).first()
+    if skill is None:
+        skill = Skill(edition_id=edition.id, code=code, label=code)
+        session.add(skill)
+        session.flush()
+    return skill
+
+
+def _link_skill(session, edition, *, code, volunteer=None, shift=None):
+    from app.models import ShiftRequiredSkill
+
+    skill = _get_or_create_skill(session, edition, code)
+    if volunteer is not None:
+        session.add(
+            VolunteerSkill(volunteer_id=volunteer.id, skill_id=skill.id)
+        )
+    if shift is not None:
+        session.add(
+            ShiftRequiredSkill(shift_id=shift.id, skill_id=skill.id)
+        )
+
+
+def dt_at(day: int, hour: int, minute: int = 0) -> dt.datetime:
+    return dt.datetime(2026, 7, day, hour, minute)